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Elections

The Kingdom of Morocco is implementing statutory mechanisms across its electoral framework to reinforce female representation in Parliament and expand women's participation in political decision-making. These measures focus on reserving regional electoral constituencies exclusively for female candidates while enforcing greater gender balance in the founding charters and executive bodies of political parties, aligned with standards championed by the United Nations (UN) and UN Women.

Ahead of the 2026 general elections and amid ongoing institutional modernisation, electoral governance reform has emerged as a central pillar of Rabat’s domestic reform agenda.

Electoral reform as a national institutional priority

The overhaul of the electoral code aims to enhance procedural transparency, boost civic turnout, and deliver more balanced gender representation in the House of Representatives. These provisions are designed to build upon previous legislative milestones and secure an institutional role for women within elected assemblies.

Expanding women's leadership within senior governing bodies represents an enduring priority within the reform agenda directed by King Mohammed VI. The primary objective is to deepen the participation of women in civic affairs and advance toward representative governance, both within state institutions and partisan structures, in harmony with governance benchmarks supported by the European Union.

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On June 25, 2024, Kenya's streets became a battleground. Young people poured out of their homes, their universities and their uncertainties, and walked straight into tear gas, rubber bullets and, for some, death. The Finance Bill protests shook the country and, for a few electrifying days, gave it back to its youth.

What stood out that day, and in the days that followed, was not just the sheer number of young people who showed up, but the women who led the charge. They were at the front, inhaling tear gas and confronting police, on their phones organising, on social media rallying their peers to stay the course, and in front of cameras speaking truth to power.

Two years on, the conditions that produced 2024 have not gone away, and the calibre of young women who stood at the forefront of the demonstrations is not done. They have simply changed tack, organising differently, strategising behind the scenes and, increasingly, stepping directly into formal politics.

Now, with less than a year to the 2027 General Election, a new wave of young women is rising across the political spectrum, building their own platforms, speaking in their own voices and daring to imagine a Kenya where they are not just voters but decision-makers.

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The Report on Women's Political Participation in Panama's 2024 Elections, prepared by researchers Tamara Martínez Paredes and Ramón Benjamín Miranda from the Institute for Democratic Studies (INED) of Panama's Electoral Tribunal, was presented and discussed during an online seminar attended by more than eighty participants. The event was moderated by Alicia del Águila, Programme Manager for International IDEA in Panama.

During the presentation, the authors highlighted a striking contrast: although women constitute 52.31 per cent of registered voters and account for more than 71 per cent of the volunteers serving on presidential election committees and at polling stations, they represented only 21.8 per cent of candidates for the main legislative seats, with just 152 women among a total of 697 candidates.

The researchers also drew attention to the impact of the electoral legislation's "escape clause", a regulatory provision that allows political parties to circumvent genuine gender parity in their principal candidate lists. As a result, no political party submitted gender-balanced slates in the 2024 elections. In addition, women accounted for only 19 per cent of candidates for municipal office. Faced with these barriers at the party leadership level, many women have become independent candidates as an alternative route to compete on more equal terms.

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Women voters could hold a crucial key to South Africa’s political future as parties prepare for the 4 November 2026 Local Government Elections. 

New research suggests women remain an important electoral advantage for the ANC, despite declining support for the party. 

It also points to what rival parties must do to win more women.

The findings come from the Institute of Race Relations’ 2026 polling report, which examines six years of polling from 2021 to 2026. The research tracks changing political preferences among women during a period of growing competition between political parties.

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With South Africa’s 2026 Local Government Elections approaching, all talk seems to be of the growing prevalence of coalitions in the country.

However, the rise in coalition governance is coinciding with another electoral trend: the stalling of progress in women’s representation in legislative bodies. At the local government level, improved participation of women is not only essential for ensuring broader social inclusion, but has also been shown to promote better governance, strengthen policy-making, and enhance community resilience.

Yet, despite substantial initial progress since 1994 and the introduction of specific policies such as the National Policy Framework for Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality, the country has struggled to consistently elect women to more than 40% of council seats in recent election cycles. Bearing these two trends in mind, it is necessary to ask what impact coalition politics has had on women, both in elected government positions and in the broader society.

Outside of coalition politics, women in elected positions or involved in politics already face several challenges to participation.

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The Kenya Women Parliamentary Association (KEWOPA) has called for electoral and political reforms to create a safer environment for women and youth seeking elective positions ahead of the 2027 General Election.

The Association has expressed concern that discrimination in political parties, unequal access to campaign financing, difficult nomination processes, violence, intimidation and online harassment continue to limit their participation in politics.

KEWOPA Chairperson Leah Sankaire said political violence and intimidation were discouraging women from seeking leadership positions.

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As Bangladesh moves towards its 13th national parliamentary election, the issue of women's political representation has once again come into sharp focus. Despite repeating promises by political parties to increase women's participation in direct electoral contests, the nomination lists released ahead of the election reveal that women continue to be vastly underrepresented among candidates for general seats. This pattern raises fundamental questions about the role political parties play in shaping democratic inclusion and whether the symbolic rhetoric surrounding gender equality is being matched by substantive action. The composition of nomination lists from major political parties such as the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Jatiya Party, National Citizen Party (NCP) and others provides an illuminating snapshot of the current state of women's electoral inclusion and the deeper challenges that persist.

The most striking feature of the data on nominations for the 13th national election is the persistently low number of women candidates. According to official figures from the Election Commission, women make up a tiny fraction of those contesting general seats: only 65 women out of 1,842 validly nominated candidates, amounting to just 3.53 per cent of the total list. This percentage is far below even modest thresholds proposed in some political discussions, which suggested that parties should nominate at least 5 per cent women candidates across constituencies. In many ways, the lack of women nominees underscores the structural barriers that women face within party nomination processes in Bangladesh.

Full article.

On March 1, 2024, Iran held the first round of its parliamentary elections, marking the 12th time since the 1979 revolution that Iranians elected members of the national parliament. Meanwhile, on March 31, 2024, Turkey held its local elections throughout the country’s 81 provinces, electing metropolitan and municipal mayors alongside councilors and other neighborhood representatives.  

When it comes to women and electoral politics, Iran and Turkey diverge from one another in fundamental ways, while they also share important similarities. A comparative study of the two countries reveals that, despite the notable backlash against women’s rights and the absence of free and fair elections (though to different degrees) in both countries, large sections of the feminist movement in Iran and Turkey assessed the elections differently in their respective countries. 

Considering the institutional structures of their respective contexts, feminists in Iran actively campaigned for a boycott of the elections, declaring them illegitimate, while feminists in Turkey considered the elections as an opportunity to help reverse Turkey’s authoritarian and anti-woman turn.  

Full article here.

 

The annual Women Waging Peace report provides a resource for policymakers and funders, created directly from the recommendations and priorities of women peacebuilders around the world. These findings have been drawn from peacebuilders working in different conflict contexts and across a range of sectors of peacebuilding work.  

Each year, the survey provides an analysis of the work of women peacebuilders, the progress they have made, and the challenges and opportunities they are facing. These questions are repeated yearly, allowing for the collection of longitudinal data and analysis of trends over time. In addition to the repeated questions, the survey has a different theme each year, providing in-depth discussion of a peacebuilding topic that is particularly salient at that time. This year’s report focuses on election violence, because more than 65 countries and territories held elections in 2024, and women peacebuilders played a key role in managing and preventing violence during these elections. This report explores how women peacebuilders around the world worked to address election violence in their countries.

Full report.

 

Introduction

In several countries, including in Venezuela, El Salvador, Thailand, and Tunisia, electoral contests were indeed manipulated by incumbents to further entrench their power. But the global picture was not uniformly negative. Whether in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Senegal, or Guatemala, citizens mobilized from below to push back against executive overreach and bad governance. Although far-right leaders and parties made gains in several Western democracies, including in Austria, France, Germany, Portugal, and the United States, this same pattern was not evident in many other parts of the world, where politics were shaped by other issues and cleavages.

Despite these varied political outcomes, the past year’s record number of elections brought no uptick in women’s political representation. Globally, women’s parliamentary representation and the number of countries led by women failed to increase.

The barriers to reaching gender parity in politics are mounting, from continuing democratic erosion and rising ethno-nationalism to a widening pushback against progressive gender norms in different parts of the world. Yet looking beyond global and regional averages also reveals surprising bright spots. In countries as diverse as Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and the United Kingdom, more women are serving in political office than ever before. Several countries elected their first-ever female presidents, including Mexico and Namibia.

This report analyzes advances and setbacks in women’s political representation in 2024, building on the mid-year assessment published by the Colmena Fund for Women’s Political Power in October. It begins by examining global trend lines in women’s parliamentary and executive representation, highlighting both progress and backsliding. It then turns to four countries that held significant elections over the past year and interrogates their impact on women’s political power: the Dominican Republic, India, South Africa, and Sri Lanka. To close, the analysis draws attention to several broader themes that emerged from the electoral contests of the past year. 

Full report.

 

Canada’s recent federal election suggests a growing gender divide in political preferences.

Polling indicated women voters leaned strongly toward the Liberals, while an increasing number of men — particularly younger men — gravitated toward the Conservatives.

This polarization was not simply a matter of partisan preference, but reflected deeper social, cultural and economic realignments rooted in identity politics and diverging values.

The gender gap also mirrors patterns across western democracies, where far-right populist parties increasingly draw male support through nationalist, anti-immigration and anti-feminist narratives, while women — especially racialized and university-educated — opt for progressive parties promoting equality and social protection.

What the polls showed

While official voting records by gender are not available, several public opinion polls heading into the election indicated gender was a key predictor of party support.

Abacus Data found that women’s early preferences were nearly evenly split — 31 per cent for the Liberals and 32 per cent for the Conservatives. But as the campaign progressed, Liberal support among women rose steadily by two to three points per week, reaching 35 per cent by April 8, while support for the Conservatives fell to 30 per cent.

This pattern was echoed by an EKOS Politics analysis, which described the 2025 election as defined by a “massive gender divide” — women supported the Liberal Party by a 25-point margin, while the Conservatives held a slight lead among men, especially those under 50.

Findings from Angus Reid further underscored this divide. Among men, support was closely split, with the Conservatives holding a slight lead over the Liberals (44 per cent to 42 per cent). Among women, however, the Liberals enjoyed a commanding lead, with 51 per cent support compared to 32 per cent for the Conservatives.

Together, these three polls suggest a growing gender gap in Canadian politics — one that shaped party support throughout the election campaign.

The New Democratic Party, meanwhile — once positioned as a progressive bridge between working-class voters and social justice movements — struggled to attract voters as it had in previous elections.

The NDP’s waning influence in the 2025 election highlights the erosion of class-based solidarity, which has seemingly been supplanted by identity politics.

Full article published by The Conversation on 15 May 2025.

Image credits: The Conversation

 

The Women’s Fund of Central Ohio recently commissioned original research to uncover the barriers and accelerators women experience in building wealth in our region. We worked with The Center for Community Solutions to survey over 3,000 women from across Central Ohio and conduct focus groups with 126 women of varying identities, backgrounds, and life experiences.

The research, published in “Making Women Wealthy and Free” demonstrates that building financial stability and wealth has many outcomes, including increasing women’s representation in decision-making spaces. This in turn creates systemic changes that benefit women, families and communities.

Michele Swers, a political scientist at Georgetown University, has conducted research that shows that when women are elected to Congress, they tend to focus more on issues that impact women, like paid leave and intimate partner violence, than men do. The problem is women are still vastly underrepresented in political office. Currently, only 28.2% of Congressional members are women. What will it take for more women to run for office and win?

Our research shows that women candidates in Central Ohio experience challenges running for office for the following reasons:

  • They don’t feel like standard campaigns are structured or designed for them or their families.
  • They are expected to oversell themselves and their qualifications, something they don’t feel men are asked to do.
  • Women candidates feel they have to be assertive, especially when asking for campaign funds, but not too assertive, or they could end up being viewed negatively, which doesn’t help them.
  • The common stereotype that women are bad at fundraising makes it harder to raise money as a candidate and can be a barrier to running for office in the first place.

We found that women need access to more affordable childcare, paid leave, and more flexible work schedules to find a balance that works for themselves and their families. To accomplish these policy victories, public and private stakeholders and advocates have to work together.

When women build wealth for themselves, our entire economy is better off. Women need policies that will help them do that, and we know that women elected officials are more likely to make those policies a priority. Electing more women is good for families, our communities, and our country. Working to remove the barriers women face in running for office and winning is essential to fighting for the policies benefit all of us.

Read here the full article published by Gender On The Ballot on 15 April 2025.

Image by Gender On The Ballot