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Elections

WINDHOEK, Namibia (AP) — A woman who joined Namibia’s underground independence movement in the 1970s is a strong contender to become its first female leader as the country voted Wednesday in a presidential election.

Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, 72, is the current vice president and the ruling SWAPO party’s candidate for president. She’s already in the lead after special voting among citizens overseas and the armed forces.

But SWAPO, which has governed the southern African country and held the presidency for 34 years since independence from apartheid South Africa in 1990, faces growing frustration caused by high unemployment and economic hardship, especially among young people.

That is a common theme that has led to momentous election upsets in other countries in the region this year. Voters elsewhere in southern Africa have rejected parties that liberated their nations from colonial or white minority rule in favor of era-ending change to address new problems.

Read here the full article published by AP News on 28 November 2024.

Image by AP News

 

As we approach the 2024 election, Women for Election is calling for a crucial shift in Ireland’s political landscape, urging voters in Wexford and Wicklow-Wexford to support the record number of female candidates standing for election.

With a long history of gender imbalance in the Dáil, this election presents a unique opportunity to address this inequality and ensure that women’s voices are more fully represented in the decisions that shape our future.

By supporting these women candidates, Women for Election believe we can move towards a more diverse and effective political system that better reflects the needs and experiences of all citizens.

Read here the full article published by South East Radio on 26 November 2024.

Image by South East Radio

 

Women are "grossly under-represented" in Irish politics and the political system is "stacked in men's favour", a seminar exploring female representation in local politics has heard. 

Ireland's political system is not female friendly — because it was designed by Victorian men for Victorian men. And it "doesn't suit dads either" it was pointed out at the discussion about the supports available to women in politics, ongoing challenges, and the gender barriers that exist in politics.

The ‘Women Beyond the Dáil’ seminar took place at the Council Chamber at Cork City Hall and heard from female candidates in the upcoming general election who discussed their political experiences.

Former deputy lord mayor and Green Party councillor, Colette Finn emphasised the importance of gender balance in politics and discussed institutional biases.

Read here the full article published by the Irish Examiner on 25 November 2024.

Image by Irish Examiner

 

Women politicians have bemoaned rising violence against women in politics which discourages their participation in key decision-making processes.

This comes at a time when female candidates are increasingly occupying higher political positions in government and in political parties.

Linda Masarira, who failed to register as female presidential candidate for the 2023 polls, said women face violence simply for daring to challenge for spaces traditionally occupied by men.

“Violence against women in politics is a deeply concerning issue that has hindered the participation of women in decision-making spaces,” said Masarira.

“Women who step into the political arena often face targeted harassment, verbal abuse, and even physical violence, simply for daring to occupy spaces traditionally dominated by men. This violence not only discourages women from participating but also perpetuates a culture of fear and exclusion.

Only three women registered to compete for the top office in Zimbabwe’s elections in 2018: Joice Mujuru. Thokozani Khupe and Violet Mariyacha. In 2023, only Elisabeth Valerio was brave enough to enter the poll ring.

Masarira said violence against women was designed to undermine confidence, discredit them and their capabilities, and silence their voices.

“It creates a hostile environment that discourages potential female leaders from stepping forward, leading to a severe gender imbalance in political representation.”

Read here the full article published by NewsDay Zimbabwe on 20 November 2024.

Image by NewsDay Zimbabwe

 
 

A record number of women candidates are registered to stand in this month's general election in the Republic of Ireland, according to a campaign group.

Figures released by Women for Election suggest 247 women are running for seats across the country - a 53% increase on the last election in 2020.

The group analysed nominations published by the returning officers in all 43 constituencies, and described the figures as "phenomenal".

Nominations closed on Saturday. A total of 685 candidates will contest the election which will be held on 29 November.

Parties have been issued with a candidate gender quota, requiring them to have at least 40% men and 40% women on their ballots.

Those failing to reach that quota face a reduction of 50% in state funding.

The Women for Election group said Ireland was the 104th in the world in terms of the number of women in national parliaments.

It said the last Daíl (Irish parliament) had 37 women TDs (members of the Dáil) out of 160.

The total number of TDs due to be elected has increased to 174.

Read here the full article published by the BBC on 17 November 2024.

Image by BBC

 

On Election Day, Donald Trump beat the second woman to ever win a major-party nomination for the presidency — just eight years after he beat the first. Did Kamala Harris’ loss this year, and Hillary Clinton’s loss in 2016, have anything to do with their gender? Or was it something else? We asked a group of leading women in journalism, politics and academia to explain why a woman has still not been elected president in the United States.

There is plenty of evidence that voters could have gendered biases that factored into their votes in 2016 and 2024, and our contributors know it well. One pointed to studies in which participants judged a personnel file with a woman’s name as less competent than that with a man’s name — and then, when more information was included to show her superior competence, the same participants found her more competent but less likeable.

There were others, though, who thought that gender might be at play, but not necessarily in a way that would make voters less likely to vote for a woman. “Harris didn’t lose the election because she’s a woman, but she was put into the position to lose this election because she was a woman,” one former Trump official wrote.

Many of the women blamed a mix — gender, yes, but gender combined with the Democratic Party’s failure to win working-class men and how voters see the party in general. “No woman in the United States has yet been able to clear that bar,” one contributor wrote. “The first to do so may well come from the right.”

Read here the full article published by Politico on 15 November 2024.

Image by Politico

 

2. Global Trends 

2.3. Rights

2.3.4. Gender Equality

The Gender Equality subfactor measures power distribution by gender and female participation in civil society organizations, the ratio of female-to-male mean years of schooling and the proportion of lower-chamber legislators who are female. It also measures exclusion by gender, women’s empowerment and women’s political and economic rights.

While Gender Equality has not made notable improvements globally since 2018 (eight countries saw advances, and five saw declines), there have been important markers of progress. These include the passage of a bill to implement a gender quota for the lower house of parliament and state assemblies in India and a landmark bill that would guarantee extra seats for women in provincial assemblies in the Solomon Islands (Brechenmacher 2023; RNZ 2024; Solomon Islands Government 2024).

Mexico is also a noteworthy case, as it sets a high standard in terms of the range of mechanisms it has in place to ensure women’s political participation. In 2024 voters chose Claudia Sheinbaum to be Mexico’s first woman president. Additionally, at the time of the writing of this report, the heads of the Supreme Court and the Electoral Tribunal were both women, as were the presidents of the Senate, the Chamber of Deputies and the National Electoral Institute (INE). Building on previous amendments that had gradually introduced gender parity, a groundbreaking 2019 constitutional reform established ‘parity in everything’ as a permanent principle in all branches of government to guarantee women’s access to politics, government and the administration of justice (Ravel 2024; Piscopo and Vázquez Correa 2023).

Although high levels of violence, particularly against women, have been an issue in this election year (INEGI 2022; Piscopo and Vázquez Correa 2023; Harrison-Cripps 2024; Calderón 2024), strong legislation and policies have facilitated the monitoring and sanctioning of gender-based political violence, including through a National Registry of Sanctioned Persons for Violence against Women in Politics and the INE’s collaboration with platforms regarding digital-based political violence (INE 2024; Meta 2024).

Read here the full report published by International IDEA on 17 September 2024.

 

The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, The Carter Center, the National Democratic Institute, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, and the Kofi Annan Foundation announced today the release of Model Commitments for Advancing Genuine and Credible Elections. 

With democratic elections and institutions facing growing threats globally, it is critical to have actionable commitments that help improve, defend, and expand election integrity. The Model Commitments provides a resource with specific steps government leaders and democracy advocates can take to help strengthen democracy and elections, including ways to expand dialogue on key electoral issues. The Model Commitments are intended to benefit everyone involved in electoral processes and systems, including voters, candidates, election officials, election observers, and others. 

The Model Commitments outline five sets of electoral integrity commitments — to protect Genuine Elections, Legal Framework, Election Administration, Electoral Accountability, and Information Integrity. 

They draw on existing international norms, standards, and best practices for democratic elections, including most that are catalogued in the Carter Center’s Election Obligations and Standards Database and the Election Obligations and Standards Handbook.

Democratic electoral processes face constant pressures and changing circumstances in countries around the world. To help build public trust in election integrity and democratic governance, the Model Commitments are designed to reflect changing contexts and efforts to strengthen democracy in the face of new and evolving challenges. 

This resource lays out ways for governments to affirm efforts to implement these commitments or to pledge an intention to apply them in a timely manner through appropriate electoral reform measures. 

The Model Commitments for Advancing Genuine and Credible Elections is supported by like-minded organizations that share a commitment to the principles embodied in the Model Commitments. The organizations listed below have indicated their support for the Model Commitments. Additional supporting organizations will be added annually and announced around each International Day of Democracy.

·Asian Network for Free Elections (ANFREL)

·Election Watch EU

·Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa (EISA)

·European Partnership for Democracy (EPD)

·European Platform for Democratic Elections (EPDE)

·Experts in Democracy, Governance, and Elections (EDGE)

·Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD)

·Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD)

Read here the full Models Commitments published by the NDI on 15 September 2024.

 

In Congress this term, 25% of senators and 28% of representatives are women, near record highs for both houses, but far below equal representation with men. As Kamala Harris runs for president, will being a woman cost her votes?

To learn more about the role of gender in American politics, we spoke with Brian Schaffner, a political science professor and Newhouse Professor of Civic Studies. He is also a principal investigator of the Cooperative Election Study, the largest academic survey focused on U.S. elections, and is writing a book about how political polarization is defined by social divisions.

How have attitudes toward electing women changed in America in the last 30 years?

People now are much more open to electing women to all levels of office, including to president, although obviously we haven’t seen a woman president yet. The number of women in Congress, for example, has hit historic highs, even though it’s well under parity with men. There are also a lot of women governors throughout the country. 

Political science research shows that when women run for office, they are at least as successful as men are. The big problem is not that voters won’t vote for a woman for political office now; it’s that women don’t run as often as men do.

Why don’t women run for office as much as men?

This is not necessarily my area of expertise, but there’s a lot of research that focuses on this. It shows a range of factors, from how women and men are raised differently to the types of things people have to do to run for office, like raising money—having to put yourself out there. 

Also, until recently, women weren’t recruited as much as men to run for office. The parties would go out and try to recruit men, because they were the people who were in their networks.

Read here the full article published by the Tufts University on 4 September 2024.

Image credits: Tufts University

 

Progress toward gender parity in politics slowed in 2024 — a quiet shift after a streak of record-breaking years for women’s political candidacies. While Kamala Harris makes history this year as the first woman of color atop a presidential ticket, some political organizers are hoping her candidacy will pull more women back into power.

After 2018 was dubbed a second “year of the woman,” — the first being in 1992 — marking a record number of women running for the highest offices in the country, women continued to reach new highs in the subsequent elections: 583 women ran for the House in 2020 and 2022, and 70 women ran for the Senate in 2022, according to data from Rutgers’ Center for American Women and Politics.

In 2024, those numbers dropped back down to 466 for the House and 52 for the Senate, a conspicuous decline after years of steady growth.

“Progress for women in politics appears to be slowing, if not stalling,” RepresentWomen warned in its 2024 Gender Parity Index last month, noting that women are still significantly underrepresented at all levels of U.S. government.

Read here the full article published by Politico on 23 August 2024.

Image by Politico

 

What’s the context?

Mid-way through a bumper election year, there are few gains for women in power

¨Gender equality pledges fall short in some countries

¨Women make up slightly more than a quarter of parliaments worldwide on average

¨Experts say underrepresentation creates democratic deficit

BRUSSELS - Billed as “democracy's biggest test,” 2024 is a major election year with billions of citizens casting their votes. But commitments to gender equality in politics are falling short in some parts of the world.

While there have been historic moments, such as the election of Mexico's first female president Claudia Sheinbaum in June and Kamala Harris' bid to become the first female president of the United States, elections in Indonesia, India, the United Kingdom, Pakistan and South Africa had no female frontrunners.

The picture isn't much better in houses of parliament around the world. The percentage of women in legislatures globally stood at 26.9% on average on June 1, according to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), an independent organisation promoting democracy.

At the current rate, it will take 130 years before gender equality is reached in the highest positions of power, according to the United Nations.

Read here the full article published by Context on 21 August 2024.

Image by Context

 

The number of women running for the House and Senate has dropped, including a record number of incumbent women not running for reelection.

Women continue to make record-breaking progress in politics — most notably with Vice President Kamala Harris becoming the first woman of color at the top of a major party presidential ticket. However, an annual report by RepresentWomen, a nonprofit organization that supports institutional reforms to help women enter public office, found that progress has been inconsistent. 

The report, called the Gender Parity Index, tracks gender representation across local, state and federal offices.

“The 2024 Index reflects our complex political landscape, suggesting progress in women’s political representation may stagnate or even backslide,” according to the report. 

Overall, the United States lags behind most established democracies. Women are still underrepresented at every level of government, holding under one-third of all elected positions despite accounting for more than 50 percent of the total national population. In the last year, the number of women congressional candidates has fallen by 20 percent in the House and 26 percent in the Senate. And a record number of incumbent women are not running for reelection.  

Read here the full article published by 19th News on 12 August 2024.

Image by 19th News