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Parliaments and Representatives

Democracy and the equal participation of men and women in the political arena are closely intertwined. No parliament or any decision-making body can claim to be representative without the participation of both men and women. As stated in the Universal Declaration on Democracy adopted by the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s Member Parliaments in 1997, "The achievement of democracy presupposes a genuine partnership between men and women in the conduct of the affairs of society in which they work in equality and complementarity, drawing mutual enrichment from their differences."

Recent years have seen a steady increase in the number of women in parliament, though the world average of less than 22 percent remains far from the goal of parity between women and men. The election of women to the highest positions of state and government in several countries has also contributed to the changing face of politics.

While the road to election is a difficult one, the challenges for women do not stop there. Once women enter parliament or other bodies, they are faced with many new challenges. Parliament is traditionally a male-oriented domain where the rules and practices have been written by men. It is, therefore, an ongoing challenge to transform parliament into a gender-sensitive environment, to ensure that actions are gender-sensitive and to guarantee that gender is mainstreamed throughout the legislature.

The Impact of Women’s Participation and Leadership on Policy Outcomes: A Focus on Women’s Policy Machineries

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August 28, 2008

The Impact of Women’s Participation and Leadership on Policy Outcomes: A Focus on Women’s Policy Machineries

This paper is to focus on the role of women policy agencies in enhancing women’s political participation with a particular emphasis on their influence on women’s participation and leadership in policy outcomes.

This paper is to focus on the role of women policy agencies in enhancing women’s political participation with a particular emphasis on their influence on women’s participation and leadership in policy outcomes.

Explaining Women’s Representation: The Role of Legislative Recruitment & Electoral Systems

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August 28, 2008

Explaining Women’s Representation: The Role of Legislative Recruitment & Electoral Systems

This paper examines the principal steps involved in the process of recruiting individuals to countries’ legislatures. It also looks at the effect of development, culture, and a country’s electoral system on women’s representation.

This paper examines the principal steps involved in the process of recruiting individuals to countries’ legislatures. It also looks at the effect of development, culture, and a country’s electoral system on women’s representation.

The Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making: The Parliamentary Dimension

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August 28, 2008

The Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making: The Parliamentary Dimension

This paper focuses on the quantitative aspect of women's participation in parliaments, primarily in the past ten years.

This paper focuses on the quantitative aspect of women's participation in parliaments, primarily in the past ten years.

Equality in Politics: A Survey of Women and Men in Parliaments

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April 24, 2008

Equality in Politics: A Survey of Women and Men in Parliaments

This survey collates insights from both men and women parliamentarians into the factors that shape decision making.

This survey collates insights from both men and women parliamentarians into the factors that shape decision making.

Women in Parliament in 2007: The Year in Perspective

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April 24, 2008

Women in Parliament in 2007: The Year in Perspective

This brochure provides an overview and analysis of progress made, and setbacks encountered, by women in accessing parliament during elections and renewals held in 2007.

This brochure provides an overview and analysis of progress made, and setbacks encountered, by women in accessing parliament during elections and renewals held in 2007.

Women in Politics: 2008 (Poster)

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April 24, 2008

Women in Politics: 2008 (Poster)

This poster provides a snapshot of the presence of women in the executive and legislative branches of government in January 2008.

This poster provides a snapshot of the presence of women in the executive and legislative branches of government in January 2008.

The Role of Parliamentary Committees in Mainstreaming Gender and Promoting the Status of Women

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April 24, 2008

The Role of Parliamentary Committees in Mainstreaming Gender and Promoting the Status of Women

As part of its efforts to strengthen the capacity of parliaments to promote gender equality and respect for women's rights, the IPU organised a first seminar of parliamentary bodies dealing with gender issues.

As part of its efforts to strengthen the capacity of parliaments to promote gender equality and respect for women's rights, the IPU organised a first seminar of parliamentary bodies dealing with gender issues.

The Rise of Women in Parliaments in Sub-Saharan Africa

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April 7, 2008

The Rise of Women in Parliaments in Sub-Saharan Africa

This consolidated response discusses factors stimulating the advancement of women in politics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the highlighted factors include gender quotas in politics, national women’s movements, and the spillover effect of democratic values throughout the continent.

This consolidated response discusses factors stimulating the advancement of women in politics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the highlighted factors include gender quotas in politics, national women’s movements, and the spillover effect of democratic values throughout the continent.

Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender

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February 29, 2008

Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector and Gender

This tool seeks to highlight the importance of parliamentary oversight of the security sector and the benefits parliamentarians derive from integrating a gender perspective into their work.

This tool seeks to highlight the importance of parliamentary oversight of the security sector and the benefits parliamentarians derive from integrating a gender perspective into their work.